The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.